Possibilities of Knowledge
Bertrand Russell: Appearance and Reality
Chapter I of his Problems of Philosophy, hosted by Digital Text International.
Descartes: First Meditation
Trans. John Veitch. Hosted by the College of Liberal Arts at Wright State University. NB: you can also view the original Latin text (1641) and the Duc de Luynes trans. into French of 1647.
Descartes: Second Meditation
Trans. John Veitch and hosted by the College of Liberal Arts.
Notes for Students of Descartes’ Second Meditation
By Professor James E Mahon of Princeton University’s philosophy department.
John Locke: Of Ideas in general, and their Origin
Book II, Chapter I of his Essay Concerning Human Understanding (here hosted by Oregon State University).
David Hume: Of Scepticism with Regard to the Senses
Section ii of his Treatise of Human Nature, hosted by the University of Adelaide library. See also Hume’s Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, as found on eserver.org.
Notes on Moore’s Defense of Common Sense
By RB Jones.
Responding to Skepticism
Keith De Rose’s Introduction to Skepticism: A Contemporary Reader.
Kant: Synthetic A Priori Judgments
A lucid, though very brief, summation of Immanuel Kant’s “critical philosophy” from the philosophypages.com website.
Kant: Critique of Pure Reason
eCopy of the 1929 Norman Kemp Smith English translation; hosted by the Hong Kong Baptist University.
The Epistemology Page
Keith DeRose’s fine general resource, hosted by Yale University.
The Epistemology Research Guide
Dr Keith Korcz’s excellent collection of links to papers and issues in contemporary analytic epistemology, hosted by the University of Louisiana at Lafayette.
Theory of Knowledge
Collection of papers from the 20th World Congress of Philosophy.
Truth
Truth
Useful article from the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy (henceforth, “IEP”) stating the problem of stating the nature of truth and various important theories.
Truth
Paul Newall’s guide to theories of truth; part of the Galilean Library.
The Coherence Theory of Truth
Article from the SEP.
The Correspondence Theory of Truth
SEP article.
The Identity Theory of Truth
SEP article.
Pragmatic Theory of Truth
Wikipedia article.
William James: Pragmatism’s Conception of Truth
Lecture VI; hosted by authorama.com.
Redundancy theory of truth
Informative Wikipedia article.
Tarski’s Truth Definitions
Article from the SEP on Alfred Tarski’s definition of truth.
Carl G Hempel: On the Nature of Mathematical Truth
First published in American Mathematical Monthly, 52, 1945. Here hosted by Digital Text International.
The Construction of Truth
Lennart Norreklit’s essay (in .pdf form), as published in Philosophy and science Studies No.6, 2006. from the Danish Centre for Philosophy and Science Studies.
Justification
Theory of Justification
Wikipedia summation of the field.
Foundationalism
Wikipedia article on this pyramidal theory of justification.
Regress argument
Wikipedia article presenting this challenge to theories of justification.
Coherentism
A good article from the IEP.
Coherentist Theories of Epistemic Justification
A useful SEP article.
Sosa’s Raft and Pyramid
Fun and informative slides illustrating Ernest Sosa’s essay, The Raft and the Pyramid: Coherence Versus Foundations in the Theory of Knowledge.
Foundationalism, Skepticism, Coherentism
Robert Bass’ useful essay.
Virtue Foundherentism
Essay by Brian Lightbody of Brock University, Ontario.
Roderick Chisholm and the Problem of the Criterion
Zenon Stavrinides’ essay on Roderick M Chisholm’s well-known problem.
Edmund L Gettier: Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?
From Analysis 23 (1963): 121-123; transcribed by Andrew Chrucky, 1997.
Justified True Belief and Critical Rationalism
Essay by Mathew Toll comparing two theories of knowledge.
Epistemic Relativism
By Steven Luper. First published in Philosophical Issues 14, a supplement to Noûs, 2004, 271-295.
Naturalized Epistemology
Richard Feldman’s Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (“SEP”) article on the connections between epistemology and natural science. See also the article, Evolutionary Epistemology, at the SEP; and Evolutionary Epistemology at the Konrad Lorenz Institute Theory Lab.
Epistemology, Consciousness, and the Mind
Links to many useful explorations of naturalistic epistemologies.
Normalizing Naturalized Epistemology
Paper presented by Michael Bradie at the 20th World Congress of Philosophy; attempts to justify naturalized epistemologies.
Feminist Epistemology and Philosophy of Science
Elizabeth Anderson’s article in the SEP.
Social Epistemology
Alvin L Goldman’s essay in the SEP.
Virtue Epistemology
Article from the SEP about using modes of analysis from virtue theory to tackle problems of knowledge.
Virtue Theoretic Responses to Skepticism
Guy Axtell’s essay in the Oxford Handbook on Skepticism (in .pdf form).
Internalism and Externalism
A rather wonderful page on Wikipedia; I especially like the slightly ironic tone of its introduction.
What the Externalist Can Know A Priori
An essay by Paul A Boghossian of New York University.
Internalism Explained
Essay by Ralph Wedgwood of Merton College, Oxford.
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Perception: Knowledge of the “External World”
The Problem of Perception
Naive Realism
Exposition of the “common sense” view of how we know the external world, from theoryofknowledge.info.
Scientific Realism
SEP article on this common sense, scientistic view.
Representative Realism
An excellent expository page from philosophyonline.co.uk.
Locke: Of Perception
Locke: Of our Knowledge of the Existence of Other Things
Chapter IX, Book II and Chapter XI, Book IV of his Essay Concerning Human Understanding.
Edward Caird: Idealism and the Theory of Knowledge
Book first published in 1903, now available from the Internet Archive.
George Berkeley: Of the Principles of Human Knowledge
Part I of this fundamental idealist text; hosted by marxists.org.
Kant: Experience and Reality
Discussion of Kant’s division of reality into phenomena and noumena.
Transcendental Idealism
Useful Wikipedia exposition of this theory of perception, as first articulated by Immanuel Kant.
Kant: Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics
Trans. Paul Carus, 1902; hosted by Theodore Gracyk at Minnesota State University Moorhead.
Phenomenalism
Wikipedia article.
The Content and Epistemology of Phenomenal Belief
Essay by David J Chalmers at the University of Arizona’s philosophy department.
Epistemology
Articles from the “Friesian School,” heavily influenced by Leonard Nelson, Fries and Kant.
Radical Constructivism
Useful, fun and informative pages hosted by the University of Viena.
Gettier Counterexamples and the Causal Theory
By John Preston of the University of Reading.
Other Minds
Solipsism and the Problem of Other Minds
Good article from the IEP.
Other Minds
Another good exploration of the problem and attempted solutions, this time from the SEP.
Induction
Russell: On Induction
Chapter VI of Problems of Philosophy, hosted by Digital Text International.
The ‘Grue’ Property alla Nelson Goodman
Short but well-formed note by Professor Charles F Schmidt of Rutgers University.
Bayesian Epistemology
Article in the SEP.
Journals and Blogs
Blogs
Certain Doubts
An excellent epistemology blog by Jonathan L Kvanvig of the University of Michigan, with many noteworthy contributors.
Epistemic Value
Part of the Knowledge, Mind and Value Project at the University of Stirling.
Journals
The Critical Rationalist
Episteme
Subscription-based journal of social epistemology.
The Electronic Journal of Analytic Philosophy
Principia
An “international journal of epistemology” freely viewable online.
Social Epistemology
Subscription-based journal, though there is a free sample issue you can read.
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